How is Television TRP rating determined?
- What is TVR (Television Rating Point):
TVR = Reach x Time spent
TVR = (minutes viewed/minutes available) + (mins viewed / minutes available)/N X100
N= Number of individuals
- Gross Rating Points (GRPs)
Audience measurement measures how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also in relation to newspaper and magazinereadership and, increasingly, web traffic on websites. Sometimes, the term is used as pertaining to practices which help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening rather than just how many people are listening. This broader meaning is also called audience research.
Measurements are broken down by media market, which for the most part corresponds to metropolitan areas, both large and small.
Presently, INTAM (Indian Television Audience Measurement) is the only electronic rating agency functioning in India. INTAM uses two methodologies for calculating TRP. First is frequency monitoring, in which 'people meters' are installed in sample homes and these electronic gadgets continuously record data about the channel watched by the family members. 'People meter' is a costly equipment, which is imported from abroad. It reads the frequencies of channels, which are later, decoded into the name of the channels and the agency prepares a national data on the basis of its sample homes readings. But there is a drawback in the technique, as cable operators frequently change the frequencies of the different channels before sending signals to the homes. It may be very misleading to read a channel according to a particular frequency even if the down linking frequency is same all over India.
Second technique is more reliable and relatively new to India. In picture matching technique people meter continuously records a small portion of the picture that is being watched on that particular television set. Along with this agency also records all the channels' data in the form of small picture portion. Data collected from the sample homes is later on matched with the main data bank to interpret the channel name. And this way national rating is produced.
The most crucial part of TRP business is the sample size of the research. Presently, TRP is based upon only a small urban sample of 5500 homes spread all over India. Most of the sample homes are situated in urban areas. Critics doubt as to how could this small sample truly represent the taste of Indian. That's why Doordarshan has its own ratings system DART (Doordarshan Audience Ratings). DART is a diary based system of ratings. DD people distribute diaries in sample homes and the viewers are asked to note down each programme as and when watched by family members. In the end of the week a person collects all the diaries and sends them to the head office, where popularity of programmes is calculated.
Source(s):
Television Rating Points | |
Audience measurement is any method of measuring how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership. It often also includes demographic and sometimes psychographic information, to help broadcasters determine who is listening, rather than just how many. This broader meaning is called audience research. Measurements are broken-down by media market, which for the most part corresponds to metropolitan areas, both large and small. Methods Diaries Electronic Software New media Ratings point One single television ratings point (or TVR) represents 1% of viewers in the surveyed area in a given minute. As of 2004, there are an estimated 109.6 million television households in the USA. Thus, a single national household ratings point represents 1%, or 1,096,000 households for the 2004-05 season. When used for the broadcast of a program, the average rating across the duration of the show is typically given. Ratings points are often used for specific demographics rather than just households. For example a ratings point among the key 18-49 year olds demographic is equivalent to 1% of all 18-49 year olds in the country. A TVR is different to a share point in that it is the percentage of all possible viewers, while a share point is 1% of all viewers watching television at the time. Hence the share of a broadcast is often significantly higher than the TVR, especially at times when overall TV viewing is low. GRPs Television ratings in India INTAM is the electronic rating agency functioning in India. 'People meter' are installed in sample homes and these electronic gadgets continuously record data about the channel watched by the family members and the agency prepares a national data on the basis of its sample homes readings. Based on the ranking list of the last several years, programs of SUN TV and Star Plus are in the top rank at all India levels. Criticisms The process of surveying listeners for their preferences has also been criticised for it's lack of flexibility. Listeners complain that modern radio lacks variety and depth but the measurement methods only facilitate further refinement of already minutely programed formats rather than the overhaul that many listeners are asking for. Radio, particularly in the United States, is where listeners hear their old favorites rather than are exposed to new music. Data obtained by some audience measurement methods is detailed to individual songs and how they are reacted to by each age, racial, and economic group the station is seeking to attract. This statistical approach leads to highly recognizable songs (such as those from the Beatles) which score well with a cross section of listeners. Measurement Companies In Australian TV ratings are collected by three main organizations. OzTAM serves metropolitan areas , Regional TAM serves regional areas serviced by three commercial networks, and Nielsen Media Research Australia handles for regional areas serviced by two commercial networks. Ratings are collected over 40 weeks of the year, with a two-week break over Easter and 10 weeks over summer. In Brazil, IBOPE provides measurement services for television. In Canada, Nielsen Media Research measures TV, and CognoVision Solutions Inc. provides measurement services for Digital Signage. Finnpanel measures both radio and TV in Finland. In Japan Video Research handles radio and TV measurement. In the United Kingdom, Broadcasters' Audience Research Board handles TV and radio. In the United States, television measurement is done by Nielsen Media Research, radio by Arbitron and digital sinage by TruMedia. In the UK, television measurement is handled by BARB via a metered panel and radio by RAJAR, using a diary system. In the Philippines, AGB-Nielsen Media Research montors the ratings through panel homes installed with TV meters to be registered in the computer. In Pakistan television audience measurement is done by Gallup BRB. |
